What causes cancer?

2023-12-14 13:46:11

Cancer arises from a large number of accumulations of mutations in cells. In the presence of mutations in genes that control cell growth, cells can continue to divide and form a tumor.

Normal cells become malignant due to mutations. Changes in genes accumulate gradually, it is a long, complex process. When such changes occur in cells, the body tries to get rid of them. Various mechanisms of cell death are activated, and antitumor immunity is activated. But malignant cells skillfully cope with these obstacles by developing masking mechanisms to avoid immune aggression.

A cancerous tumor does not have a complete form and, in addition to the main body, has many thin processes-metastases that cannot be removed along with the main tumor, and the remaining metastases in the body grow back into a malignant tumor and so on until the person dies.

Malignant cells – how do they differ from normal ones?

What is the forecast for SpaceX?

2026-06-21 10:45:15

There will be growth in year 6, but by 2027 it will disappoint investors.

At the peak of IPOs and the euphoria of artificial intelligence, the market often ignores the bad news. Investors are buying stories about the future: robotaxi, AGI, Mars, revolution in transportation. Revenues and margins fade into the background. In 2027, everything will change. The company simply has nowhere to make a profit. This is not a Tesla that could share technology for money and achieve payback thanks to the introduced zero-emission laws. Nobody needs space. Starlink will not be able to cover the losses. Grok is lagging behind in the development of artificial intelligence and will not catch up with competitors in the near future. In 2025, Tesla's global shipments decreased by about 9% year-on-year, and the company lost leadership in electric vehicle sales to China's BYD, and according to Tesla reports, it continued to gradually lose market share in Q1 2026 as the overall electric vehicle market grows faster and competitors become more aggressive. Tesla's autopilot is inferior to Waymo in terms of real driverless autonomy. The Optimus robot still does not know how to work stably in the “real world without control.”

For a SpaceX shareholder, the question is as follows: Will Grok be better than ChatGPT and Claude? This may turn out to be almost as important as the question Will Starship be able to fly to Mars?. And 2027 will be the year of verification: is Grok making money? Is Starlink growing as fast as promised? Does Starship have any commercial success? Is the estimate of trillions of dollars justified?

Why is the Russian economy growing despite the sanctions?

2024-05-09 15:00:38

Sanctions are ineffective

Russian oil and LNG are still bought only through third countries. The development of the military industry and the reorientation of trade to Asian countries support the Russian economy. The Russian market, liberated by Western companies, has the potential for growth. There are no secondary sanctions.

In the long term, sanctions will hinder the growth of the Russian economy and lead to stagnation. For example, there is already a shortage in the labor market, inflation and the impact of technological sanctions. The vivid economic picture of Russia hides dangerous compromises made in pursuit of short-term benefits. Future generations will pay a heavy price for the current situation. However, the Kremlin only cares about the present.

When will humanity reach Earth-like planets?

2023-06-22 10:24:21

In the year 2155

Before reaching an Earth-like planet, you need to build a ship capable of flying at speeds above the speed of light. For example, the distance to the closest Earth-like planet in 2023 is more than 300 light-years.

According to some scientists, they only plan to pinpoint an Earth-like planet by 2055.

When will humanity find a second Earth?